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Universal Journal of Public Health Vol. 12(6), pp. 1059 - 1069
DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120604
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Modern View of Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Urunbaeva Muqaddas ^*
Medical Faculty No1, Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT

The aim of this review is to examine the clinical and immunological aspects of AIT, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the specific clinical and immunological abnormalities in different forms of AIT. The paper covers studies from the last two decades, with a special focus on the clinical and immunological aspects of AIT. The review includes data from case-control studies, meta-analyses, and recent experimental studies, in particular those using advanced gene sequencing to identify susceptibility loci for GD and other forms of AIT. Inclusion criteria for the studies were based on their relevance to the clinical and immunological characteristics of AIT. Genetic studies have identified numerous susceptibility loci associated with GD, including genes involved in immune regulation and thyroid function, such as the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) complex, CTLA-4 (邪薪谐谢.cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; CD152), and PTPN22 (rs2476601 懈 rs2488457). Polymorphisms in the IL-2RA and FOXP3 (forkhead box P3 Homo sapiens (human)) genes, critical for T cell regulatory function, have been implicated in AIT. Epigenetic modifications and environmental factors, such as infections and stress, also contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. Despite significant advances, gaps remain in understanding the specific clinical and immunological abnormalities in the different forms of AIT. The mechanisms underlying the variability of autoantibody profiles and their impact on disease severity are not fully understood. The role of innate immune cells, such as mast cells and dendritic cells, in initiating and maintaining thyroid autoimmunity requires further investigation. These cells interact with adaptive immune cells to influence the immune response and clinical outcomes. The complexity of the pathogenesis of AIT involves multifactorial interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Identification of susceptibility loci has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms governing AIT. However, the clinical implications are still unclear. Understanding specific clinical and immunological abnormalities may lead to more precise diagnostic markers and targeted therapy.

KEYWORDS
Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease, Genetic Susceptibility, Immunopathogenesis, Autoantibodies, Clinical and Immunological Disorders

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Urunbaeva Muqaddas , "Modern View of Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Autoimmune Thyroiditis," Universal Journal of Public Health, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 1059 - 1069, 2024. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120604.

(b). APA Format:
Urunbaeva Muqaddas (2024). Modern View of Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(6), 1059 - 1069. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120604.