Journals Information
Universal Journal of Public Health Vol. 12(6), pp. 1084 - 1098
DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120606
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Prevalence, Seasonality, and Risk Factors of Malaria and Some Arboviral Infections and Co-Infections in Nigeria
Abiodun F. Ipadeola 1,2,*, Olayemi O. Akinnola 1, Olatunji M. Kolawole 3, Timothy A. Attah 2, Tola Monday 4, Sophia O. Osawe 4, Ifeyinwa R. Okonkwo 4, Olushola D. Ojurongbe 5, Marycelin M. Baba 6, Grace I. Olasehinde 1
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Nigeria
2 Datametrics Associates Ltd, Abuja, Nigeria
3 Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
4 International Research Center for Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria
5 Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
6 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and arboviral infections in Nigeria. Method: Molecular techniques were used to test 1020 febrile patients in 10 hospitals in Lagos, Ogun, and FCT between 2022 and 2023. Blood samples were collected from study participants and tested for malaria using rapid diagnostics tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the samples were tested for arboviruses using PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 17, at a 5% level of significance. Result: Zika had the highest prevalence among study participants (23.3%) followed by malaria (12%), West Nile (5.8%), Chikungunya (5.7%), Dengue (3.3%), and yellow fever (2%). There were sixteen combinations of co-infection from this study, Chikungunya- Zika co-infection had the highest prevalence (4.6%) followed by Zika-West Nile co-infection (3.3%) and Chikungunya-West Nile co-infection (3.1%). Travel history was significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria (X2=6.52, P-value=0.001) and DenV (X2=4.91, P-value=0.027). Seasonality was also significantly associated with malaria (X2=10.28, P-value=0.001), DenV (X2=7.67, P-value=0.006), and ZikV (X2=6.54, P-value=0.011). State of residence was significantly associated with all vector-borne diseases (P<.05). Occupation was also found to be associated with malaria (X2=13.27, P-value=0.021), ChikV (X2=11.78, P-value-0.038), YFV (X2=21.03, P-value=0.001), ZikV (X2=17.31, P-value=0.004). Conclusion: This study reveals a higher prevalence of Zika than malaria and a significant prevalence of the investigated arbovirus infections and coinfections. These findings may inform surveillance and response to potential outbreaks of arbovirus disease in Nigeria.
KEYWORDS
Malaria, Arboviral Infection, Vector-borne Disease
Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Abiodun F. Ipadeola , Olayemi O. Akinnola , Olatunji M. Kolawole , Timothy A. Attah , Tola Monday , Sophia O. Osawe , Ifeyinwa R. Okonkwo , Olushola D. Ojurongbe , Marycelin M. Baba , Grace I. Olasehinde , "Prevalence, Seasonality, and Risk Factors of Malaria and Some Arboviral Infections and Co-Infections in Nigeria," Universal Journal of Public Health, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 1084 - 1098, 2024. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120606.
(b). APA Format:
Abiodun F. Ipadeola , Olayemi O. Akinnola , Olatunji M. Kolawole , Timothy A. Attah , Tola Monday , Sophia O. Osawe , Ifeyinwa R. Okonkwo , Olushola D. Ojurongbe , Marycelin M. Baba , Grace I. Olasehinde (2024). Prevalence, Seasonality, and Risk Factors of Malaria and Some Arboviral Infections and Co-Infections in Nigeria. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(6), 1084 - 1098. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120606.