Journals Information
Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 13(1), pp. 175 - 192
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130110
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Synthesis of Nanocellulose as a Sustainable Construction Material from Waste Paper Using the Alkaline Method at Low Temperature
Pengki Suanto 1, Saloma 2, Siti Aisyah Nurjannah 2,*, Shek Poi Ngian 3
1 Postgraduate Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
3 Construction Research Centre (CRC-UTM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The development of the construction industry impacts the need for sustainable materials and efforts to utilize paper waste. Synthesis of nanocellulose from waste paper uses the alkaline method at low temperatures as an environmentally friendly alternative construction material. The central concept of the research involves the transformation of waste paper into nanocellulose using alkali at low temperatures, which aims to explore waste paper as the primary material for nanocellulose that can be used in concrete mixtures. The alkalization process uses NaOH and NaClO at low temperatures. The research results show the successful synthesis of nanocellulose with promising characteristics for application in construction materials. PSA results confirmed the achievement of the nano size, showing that the distribution of particles on the nanometer scale between 100-500nm has an impact on the material properties. FTIR spectroscopy verified the chemical structure of nanocellulose, identifying the characteristic functional groups of cellulose. XRD revealed an increased amorphous structure after alkali processing on nanocellulose, which correlated with its mechanical strength. SEM observations visualize the morphology of nanocellulose, displaying the structure of the nanofibrils formed. EDX results in unsynthesized fibres were dominated by carbon and impurities; after synthesis, the carbon content disappeared, and the silica increased. The overall results show the potential of nanocellulose from waste paper as a sustainable construction material, offering an innovative solution for reducing waste and developing eco-friendly building materials. This research opens up new opportunities to utilize waste paper and develop nanomaterials for a more sustainable construction industry.
KEYWORDS
Composite Construction Materials, Low-Temperature Alkali Method, Material Characterization, Nanocellulose, Waste Paper
Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Pengki Suanto , Saloma , Siti Aisyah Nurjannah , Shek Poi Ngian , "Synthesis of Nanocellulose as a Sustainable Construction Material from Waste Paper Using the Alkaline Method at Low Temperature," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 175 - 192, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130110.
(b). APA Format:
Pengki Suanto , Saloma , Siti Aisyah Nurjannah , Shek Poi Ngian (2025). Synthesis of Nanocellulose as a Sustainable Construction Material from Waste Paper Using the Alkaline Method at Low Temperature. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(1), 175 - 192. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130110.