Journals Information
Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 13(1), pp. 281 - 298
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130117
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Types of Space Arrangement of Memorial Buildings of Kazakhstan (I Millennium BC – the Early 20th Century)
Eskander Muslimovich Baitenov , Ainagul Kayrbaevna Tuyakayeva *
Department of Architecture, Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering (KazLAACE), Kazakhstan
ABSTRACT
The researches of traditional architecture of Kazakhstan (existed till the early 20th century) were limited by territorial frames of separate oblasts of Kazakhstan. So, there were problems in the development of compelling concept of traditional architecture of Kazakhstan. Some studies applied holistic approach to its scrutiny. They determined certain periods but considered the evolution of local architecture as linear and successive. This is explained by the lack of database to develop objective conclusions. Due to local archeological and architectural researches, implemented recently, we can study deeper the process of architectural form-development in Kazakhstan. The aim of this research is the scientific justification of conclusions that the process of local architectural form-development had three main periods. They are – Ancient (Bronze epoch, Sacks period), Medieval (Turkic peoples mostly) and the period of XVI – early 20th century, which is related to forming of the Kazakh nationality. All the above periods experienced relatively independent architectural form-development. The methodological basis of the research is the comparative method, which pointed out the whole and specific in architectural compositions of all three periods. Also, due to following apply of the systematic analysis, we developed multilevel system of architectural forms. Moreover, the character of levels' interrelations has been determined. It was identified - each period had its own specific form arrangement. The ancient period had dominating form-development principle - rigid radial-circular structure of compositions. During the medieval centuries – composition was arranged as per clearly and artistically accented three-level volumetric-spatial structure. The “Kazakh” period – the space was arranged as per dominating the vertical axis. This research tried to form a panoramic vision on the development of traditional architecture of Kazakhstan during the period of three thousand years. It will be a significant contribution to the awareness of the processes of architectural form-development in Kazakhstan. It will be the basis for further researches to study and specify certain aspects of local architecture. The results of the research can be used for scrutiny of architectural heritage, development of new approaches for its restoration and protection. The research is absolutely necessary for the creation of modern regional architecture of Kazakhstan.
KEYWORDS
Memorial Architecture of Kazakhstan, Kurgan, Mausoleum, Radial-circular Structure, "Centricity", Three-level Structure, Vertical Axis, Dome, Portal-domed Mausoleum, Composition
Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Eskander Muslimovich Baitenov , Ainagul Kayrbaevna Tuyakayeva , "Types of Space Arrangement of Memorial Buildings of Kazakhstan (I Millennium BC – the Early 20th Century)," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 281 - 298, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130117.
(b). APA Format:
Eskander Muslimovich Baitenov , Ainagul Kayrbaevna Tuyakayeva (2025). Types of Space Arrangement of Memorial Buildings of Kazakhstan (I Millennium BC – the Early 20th Century). Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(1), 281 - 298. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130117.