Journals Information
Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 13(5), pp. 3527 - 3545
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130506
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Proposals for Green Transportation Solutions for Non-Motorized Transportation Along Selected Roads in Kitwe CBD
Sithembinkhosi Siwo Atanase *, Taonga Joan Zulu , Ganesan Senthil Kumaran , Abraham Mwango
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Zambia
ABSTRACT
This research explored green transportation solutions for non-motorized transportation (NMT) along selected roads in Kitwe's central business district (CBD). The study was driven by the need for sustainable urban mobility solutions in response to growing urbanization, traffic congestion and environmental challenges. NMT, which included walking and cycling, was identified as a critical component of green transportation due to its low emissions and health benefits. The research focused on evaluating the existing NMT infrastructure, its challenges, and opportunities for improvement. Five critical roads in the CBD Matuka Avenue, Obote Avenue, Independence Avenue, Chisokone Avenue, and President Avenue were selected based on factors such as traffic flow, land use, and existing pedestrian infrastructure. The study addressed the lack of adequate NMT facilities, which contributed to traffic accidents, pollution, and congestion. Methodologically, the study involved traffic counts, geometric analysis of walkways, and origin-destination surveys. Pedestrian speed, flow rate, and level of service (LOS) were calculated for each road, and results revealed that many walkways operated at LOS E below the recommended minimum threshold of LOS C for commercial centres, indicating poor conditions. The findings suggested that improved NMT infrastructure, such as dedicated bike lanes and walkways, would enhance safety and promote green transportation. Proposed solutions included the development of car-free zones along Matuka and Chisokone avenues, the construction of multi-storey car parks and continuous road maintenance. These initiatives aimed to reduce vehicle congestion, improve pedestrian safety, and contribute to Kitwe's transition to a sustainable transport system. The study concluded that prioritizing NMT in urban planning would improve accessibility, reduce emissions, and foster healthier, more liveable cities. Recommendations included further NMT traffic flow modelling, the integration of NMT policies, and public awareness campaigns to support the proposed green transportation strategies.
KEYWORDS
Non-Motorized Transportation (NMT), Central Business District (CBD), Pedestrian, Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Level of Service (LOS)
Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Sithembinkhosi Siwo Atanase , Taonga Joan Zulu , Ganesan Senthil Kumaran , Abraham Mwango , "Proposals for Green Transportation Solutions for Non-Motorized Transportation Along Selected Roads in Kitwe CBD," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 3527 - 3545, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130506.
(b). APA Format:
Sithembinkhosi Siwo Atanase , Taonga Joan Zulu , Ganesan Senthil Kumaran , Abraham Mwango (2025). Proposals for Green Transportation Solutions for Non-Motorized Transportation Along Selected Roads in Kitwe CBD. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(5), 3527 - 3545. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130506.