Journals Information
Universal Journal of Microbiology Research(CEASE PUBLICATION) Vol. 7(2), pp. 7 - 19
DOI: 10.13189/ujmr.2019.070201
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Patterns of Fungi Isolates from Sputum Samples of HIV Subjects Co-Infected with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Eastern Nigeria
Vivian C. Onuoha , Ifeoma B. Enweani , Ogbonnia Ekuma-Okereke *
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnmadi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Opportunistic infection in HIV positive individuals has a high risk of morbidity and mortality as it could be a pointer to systemic infection. Aim: This study was designed to determine the patterns of some pathogenic fungal infections isolated from HIV positive individuals from ART clinics in south eastern Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 132 patients (62 males and 70 females) were recruited for this study. Their sputum samples were screened for Tuberculosis (TB) using Ziehl Nelsen staining technique and were also cultured on Sabouaurd dextrose agar with and without chloramphenicol incubated at 25℃ with examination of growth every 3 days for two weeks. Identification of isolates was done using Gram staining methods, chromogenic media and slide culture. Results: 46(34.8%) of the test subjects (132) were co-infected with TB while 94(71.2%) tested positive for fungi infection; 36(60.0%) for HIV-sero positive subjects on ART and 58(80.6%) for those not on ART (P<0.05). The prevalence of fungi isolates from test subjects shows that Candida albicans has the highest frequency of 25(26.6%), followed by Penicillum marneiffei with 18(21.6%), with the least prevalent being Aspergillus flavus and Phialemonium curvatum at 2(2.1%) respectively. In HIV-sero negative indivuals, Candida albicans was of the highest prevalence with 7(53.9%), followed by Candida tropicalis with 3(23.1%) and Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus with the least prevalence of 1(7.7%) respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive significant correlation between TB and fungi infection in HIV-sero positive subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: The high prevalence of fungi infection amongst TB co-infected HIV-sero positive individuals suggests a high degree of drug resistance in said patients thus, could be the mitigating factor behind the increasing morbidity and mortality among TB co-infected HIV positive subjects.
KEYWORDS
Human Immune Virus (HIV), Tuberculosis, Fungi Isolates, Opportunistic Infections
Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Vivian C. Onuoha , Ifeoma B. Enweani , Ogbonnia Ekuma-Okereke , "Patterns of Fungi Isolates from Sputum Samples of HIV Subjects Co-Infected with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Eastern Nigeria," Universal Journal of Microbiology Research(CEASE PUBLICATION), Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 7 - 19, 2019. DOI: 10.13189/ujmr.2019.070201.
(b). APA Format:
Vivian C. Onuoha , Ifeoma B. Enweani , Ogbonnia Ekuma-Okereke (2019). Patterns of Fungi Isolates from Sputum Samples of HIV Subjects Co-Infected with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Eastern Nigeria. Universal Journal of Microbiology Research(CEASE PUBLICATION), 7(2), 7 - 19. DOI: 10.13189/ujmr.2019.070201.